Innovation And Technology Management

The main purpose behind conducting this study is to evaluate and analyse the significance of innovation management in coming years. There are certain expectations of researcher from the study which includes understanding the key trends in managing innovation for the companies, illustrating different approaches and concepts related to the topic and the way companies will adapt to the changing technology and environment.

Limitations of the study

Carrying out a research study is one of the toughest tasks for the scholars and investigators. However, in general research report is defined as the set of complex activities which are mould together in order to accomplish report in smart and sequential manner. In conducting a research project, there are certain problems and obstacles that investigator faces which are as follows:

Lengthy Process: Carrying out whole research report is considered as one of the lengthy processes. It is the responsibility of researcher to ensure that all the correct tools and techniques are being used as per the needs and wants of study to assure successful carry out of a project. Further, research as defined above is a sequential process which takes time to accomplish. This process consists of different tasks and procedures such as collection of data, analysis and conclusion (Libaers, 2014). In the present study, the researcher has to critically evaluate the findings and suggestions of author for which different sources are required and that takes time. On the other hand, having limited time period might effect on the overall quality of research project.

Insufficient secondary information: Looking at the nature of current study, researcher has to focus on secondary source of collecting data so that different authors’ thoughts and perceptions towards innovation management can be evaluated. But while conducting the study, the researcher faced several issues related to insufficiency of secondary as numbers of sites does not have proper access to use. Therefore, due to limited access to information, it can make huge impact on the range of information and can minimize the scope of covering different aspects of study.

Methodology of the report

Research Philosophy: It helps in creating a background for the researcher. However, there are different types of philosophies such as: interpretivism and positivism (Brexendorf, Bayus  and Keller, 2015). Looking the present topic, positivism philosophy will be used because it will encourage researcher to focus on certain facts and figures which are highly required to critically evaluate the findings and recommendations of Author Rick Eagar in the article.

Research Approach: This element of research methodology shows the manner in which study is being carried out. There are two different approaches available such as: inductive and deductive. For the present study, evaluating the study of Rick, researcher will use inductive approach because it will help in easily evaluating the key steps of innovation management for attaining future success for an organisation in such competitive market.

Research Purpose: Purpose of the research act as a blue print of the entire study and clearly describes the type of study selected. There are three different types of research designs: descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research design. In the present study, exploratory research design will be used because it will help in exploring perspectives of different authors as well as contracting it to the findings and facts of Author Rick Eagar for the given article.

Research Strategy: This is the way through the help of which investigator will be carrying out entire course of study (Nagano, Stefanovitz and Vick, 2014). There are two types of research strategy: qualitative and quantitative. In the present study, qualitative approach will be used as in the whole study researcher has to critically evaluate the findings and suggestion of article given.

Data Collection: It is one of the most significant aspects of entire study. There are two methods of collecting data such as: primary and secondary. In the present study, researcher will only focus on collecting data through secondary research as the nature of study demands this.

Literature Review

Innovation management play a significant role in development of business. Looking at the present corporate conditions, it can be stated that innovation in products and procedure has become a necessity as customers or target audience have changed their tastes and preferences as per the change in trends and environment. It is essential for companies to remain innovative and for that they need to focus on developing new products and services at constant basis. Bringing creativity within offerings is the core base of achieving competitive advantage. As per the study of Goetsch and Davis (2014), innovation processes can either be pushed or pulled through development. In this, pushed process is based on existing or newly invented technology that company has to access and tries to generate profitable outcomes (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Whereas, a pulled process focuses on finding those areas which are not satisfying the needs and wants of customers and accordingly indulging potential measures. Similar to this Bowers and Khorakian (2014) proposed that, with constantly increasing competition it has become crucial for firms to bring innovation and creativity within their products and services in order to create demand within market as well as attain competitive edge.

From the study of Slater, Mohr and Sengupta (2014) researcher evaluated that, in the present environment where failure rate is higher than success rate because of intense competition, it is important for brands to know that their decisions are based on facts and not just intuition and beliefs. In the past, methods of identifying ideas for new products were based on what the customers need. But nowadays, it has become crucial for existing firms to understand the needs and wants of customers and accordingly offering them products in order to create better customer base for coming years (Bowers and Khorakian, 2014). Supporting to this fact, Eagar in his article states that there are three key trends that drives customer based innovation strongly such as: total customer experience, design in emotional aspect and social networking.

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According to Drucker (2014), successful marketing of a new product relies on many factors and in such competitive market it is essential to cover all the aspects smartly and efficiently. The main purpose of any business enterprise is to attract, create and keep customers (Drucker, 2014). However, customer base innovation helps companies in developing products and services by understanding their needs so that it can be satisfied and company can attain future growth and sustainability. Similar to this Zhao and Zhu (2014) proposed that, customer centric innovation focuses on total customer experience that designs in emotional aspects of the product and yields a flexible customer interaction. As per the thoughts of Sommerlatte (2013) Customer based innovation is a good thing if it is based on developing insights about what the customers need. This is not necessarily what the customers say they want. Customers rarely come up with big breakthrough ideas of, say, an iPad-like nature. However, for this companies have to change their way of approaching customers such as they need to be more flexible and creative in interacting with customers as well as need to become more sophisticated in their open innovation approaches.

 According to the Plantes (2013), business models have become the new basis of competition, replacing product features and benefits as the playing field on which companies emerge as dominant or laggards. However, there are several companies who are facing major concerns in maintaining margins in their businesses and it is all due to the traditional approaches used by the management. With increasing competition it has become difficult for companies to maintain customer demand in this condition it is important to offer what exactly the requirement of consumer so that all the needs and wants can be satisfied (de Araújo Burcharth, Knudsen and Søndergaard, 2014). Further, author proposed that innovation and evolving a company's business model are the heart of leader's strategic work. As per the view of Tidd (2013), Companies’ approaches to defining value have been too narrow. Companies need to think about how to partner in new ways with others to create and capture more value. However. Business model innovation embraces various types of modifications to an existing business model. These changes or modifications can be proactive or forced by competitors. In context to this Seybold (2014) defines that, as per the condition of corporate market in present world it can be said that companies need to become proactive in terms of innovation otherwise they would be forced to do so by their existing competitors (Eagar, 2015). Further authors defines that there are certain elements available behind consistently successful companies business models such as:

• Offer unique, relevant, hard to copy value promise.
• Models are aligned with market trends
• Establish new growth platforms etc.

Through the study of Oakland (2014), Frugal innovation refers to a process of reducing the complexness and the cost associated with a good and its production. In other words, this process refers to method of reducing or removing non-essential features from a durable products such as car or phone. There are several theories like reverse innovation, disruptive innovation, cots innovation, frugal innovation and Jugaad illustrates different aspect on the topic. However, all these theories are highly relate to same definition of redesigning and developing both products and processes form scratch at minimum cost, addressing the region specific needs. In the study of Brem (2015), researcher evaluated that frugal innovation are good enough for the affordable products that focuses on meeting needs of resource constrained customers. It is because, frugal products with heavy resource constraints have extreme cost advantages compared to existing solutions and are much simpler and cheaper with limited features (Nowicka-Skowron and Radu, 2014). Further in the study author distinguish between frugal and reverse innovation:

• It mainly focuses on designing solutions specifically for low income market segment.
• On the other hand, reverse innovation involves new products developed in emerging markets which are then modified for the sale in developed markets.

Plantes (2013) proposed that, new products and services are developed to enhance the skills and abilities of people that they posses before or encourage them to do those things which they couldn't execute before. This is one of the major benefit that innovation provides to individual and organisation as whole. But contrary to this Koetzier and Alon (2014) stated that, innovation also carry certain risks. The amount of risky an innovation can be entirely depends upon the choices people make in using it. However, focusing on this type of innovation means delivering products and services to market quickly and without any flaws (Koetzier and Alon, 2014). Senior management of companies are focusing undertaking appropriate strategies and tactics in order to ensure that products and services can be offered in market appropriately as well as encouraging people to buy. Contradicting to this fact Chesbrough (2011) defines that, innovation is not working out the way many companies expected. Despite increasing commitment, funding and organisational accountability there are various companies that are disappointed by the return that they achieve from the investments. Supporting to this fact Eagar (2015) states that, long term success is highly dependent upon the ability of company in innovating its products and services but for that it is also important for an organisation to make sure that all the individuals associated with it are also ready to indulge innovation for attaining competitive advantage.

In case of integrated innovation Bowers and Khorakian (2014) explains that taking traditional innovation approaches from new product development such as portfolio optimization, ideas management and stage-gates and applying them across the whole value chain of the business enterprise (Bowers and Khorakian, 2014). Further author states that, an integrated approach to managing the innovation process is highly attractive and encouraging to the some of the organisations for various reasons. These reasons are like combining resources across different functional divisions, more radical innovation, scope of improvement in the application of formal innovation etc.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

In the present research report investigator is focusing on evaluating the future of innovation management. However, by the article of Rick Eagar there are five key steps for future success that needs to be followed by firm in order to attain future growth and success. In this researcher will concentrate on the recent research made by Arthur D. Little that had surveyed the perception and opinions of global Chief Technology Officers and Chief Information officers (Eagar, 2015). However, through the help of help of this article Rick Eagar spread the five key steps that companies need to focus on in order to bring innovation and attaining future success. These are customer based innovation, proactive business model innovation, frugal innovation, high speed / low risk innovation and integrated i

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