International Perspectives on Health and Social Care

Evaluation of a range of global health and social care concerns

The area of study, practice and research which emphasise on improvisation of health for attainment of equity in health for all the individuals worldwide is referred to as global health. Basically, it involves improvisation in worldwide health, protection against threats and minimisation of disparities. The provision of personal care, social support or protection services which are being given to adults or children who need or are at a risk from illness or disabilities is referred to social care. The major concerns associated with this are illustrated below:

• Finance: Government of UK is making use Beveridge Model to ensure that every individual instead of their financial status can have necessary health services. It involves free treatment to each so that no one is deprived of good health. Various countries have also opted for this system.
• Governance: Each country has formulated there certain set of rules with respect to health care services so that each individual of country can have access to appropriate facilities. Each society takes up certain measures for prevention for spreading of disease like dumping of waste. Similarly government has made policies in this context.
• Socio-Economic factors: Irrespective of progress within medicines, still there is lack to access basic education to health care. Due to this, people have to go through harsh realities in context of sexually transmitted disease, basic nutrition and child mortality rates. For dealing with these, global health professionals need to encourage physicians to carry out practice in remote areas.
• Politics: Inadequate access with respect to health care is aggravated when politics comes as conflicts among nation’s leads to destruction of critical infrastructure water, sanitation, transportation and many other aspects which makes people vulnerable to diseases. Like refugee immigration leads to spread illness but organisation such as WHO emphasise on providing them access to appropriate health.
• Rise in Non-communicable diseases: Around 70% of deaths are being caused by stroke, cancer, diabetes and heart diseases worldwide. They might be due to physiological, behavioural and genetic factors. For this impelling education has crucial role which will aid within understanding of factors like inactivity, alcohol consumption or poor diets. 
• Risk of spread of Communicable diseases: Each year certain threats appearwhich may not be solved and their symptoms are also identified when they affect the individual. They are generally caused due to bacteria or other viral threats. For this, it is necessary to identify factors which are spreading them.

Critical analysis of perspectives on health and social care through usage of service models

As there are different countries around the world each have formulated their own set of arrangements through which they meet primary gaols associated with health care system which involves keeping people healthy, protection of families and treating the sick against financial ruins which are being created by medical bills. The two different models have been illustrated with respect to this and in different countries:

The Beveridge Model: In 1948, it is being given by Sir Williams Beveridge in United Kingdom and then it spread around Northern Europe. In this system, the health care is being provided as well as financed by government by making use of tax payments identical to public library or police force. Many clinics and hospitals are not being owned by government and some doctors are also government employees but there exist private practitioners who take fees from administration of country. In Britain, doctors do not make bills which means that system tends to possess low cost per capita as regime acts as a sole player who is liable for controlling what is being done by doctors and options they have to charge their patients. By funding health care by making use of income taxes it furnish free services. Along with this, after an appointment has been made or operation is done, patient need not to pay anything as taxes paid by them makes a contribution. Each individual who citizen of country, Britain or any other who is making use of system have privilege to get access to appropriate care. Along with these benefits, the major criticism associated with this is that there is a long waiting list and also there will be over-utilisation of system that will increase the cost.

The Out-of-Pocket Model: This is being followed by various countries. This is basically used within less developed countries and areas which do not possess enough financial resources for creation of medical system. According to this model, it entirely depend upon patients what they have to do as they need to pay for services from their pocket. The fact is that wealthy individuals will have professional medical care but poor will not until they have somehow enough money for paying. This clearly illustrates that healthcare is being driven by income and many people are deprived of this which leads to death. It is one of the most disorganised systems as in this appropriate services are being not given to individuals as they cannot afford it. With the rural regions of China, Africa, South America and India this model is being used. Here, mostly poor people have access to services but they are mostly home-brewed remedies which might or might not be apt for peculiar disease.

Knowledge, attitudes and skills required by practitioners from different professional backgrounds in order to work together collaboratively

There are several skills, attitudes and knowledge which are needed to be present within practitioners pertaining to different backgrounds for working in a collaborative manner. In this relation, it is defined that there are 5 types of skills that are key to working together in partnership. These skills are communication, accommodation, dependability, team player and credibility. All of these are essential for professionals to facilitate partnership working in an effective manner and reduce the chances of any conflict arising in the mean time among them. These skills are discussed as follows:-

Communication: Hereby, the team members should have clear interaction with each other in order to clearly express their views and opinions in front of each other.

Credibility: It is a crucial skill which ensures that there is trust between all the members of the group so that the personnel can bring theirunique perspective, talent and views to the table.

Accommodation: For a team to work collaboratively, the member should have the capacity to accommodate the ideology possessed by one another.

 Team Player: For collaboration to take place in an effective manner, professionals belonging to different backgrounds should emphasize upon achievement of a common goal. They need to act as team players to facilitate good partnership working.

Dependability: Members belonging to the team need to have faith in each other in getting tasks, sharing ideas and giving feedback.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of above discussion, it can be said that health and social care is a field of practice which deals with a number of global concerns such as finance, governance, socio-economic factors, politics/corruption, rise in non communicable diseases and risk of spread of communicable diseases. Furthermore, it is inferred that there are certain skills and knowledge that must be present within practitioners to facilitate collaborative working. In addition to this, it has been acknowledged that there are certain concepts which belong to partner working.

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