Food waste in luxury restaurant management.

The concept of Brexit and its impact on UK

Kimberly Amadeo, 2020, stated that Brixit is shorthand of British exit from European Union, that UK has left on Jan 31 2020. This exit process begins when United Kingdom has appealed to leave EU. This was so because the residents decided that the benefit of belonging to the unified monetary body no longer over-weighed the cost of free movement related with immigrants. This action is mainly taken by UK in order to change its relationship with EU in term of trade, migration and security as the residents find difficulty in performing this and also experiencing losses. This event involve several terms within the agreement that UK has to follow since it is leaving European Union. One among them was that UK was not remain a part of “customs union” with EU but it is allowed to Northern Ireland. It means that there remains a custom and regulatory border among Northern Ireland and Great Britain for Irish Sea which involve VAT. Additional, EU and UK also negotiated over a trade agreement where both of them have to pay tariffs over each other's import. 

According to author the main reason behind Brexit is that the working class resident's of England was afraid from the free movement of refugees. As they claimed that the citizens from the poorer countries are taking jobs and other benefits. Along with this the small businesses finding difficulties in due to EU fees which is higher and residents think that UK pay more to EU then it receive. The Brexit bring negative influence over UK as the economy get slowed down and businesses moved their headquartered from UK to EU countries which affect the factors like growth, jobs and trade. It also damaged the economic growth of UK as trade get affected and British pound fell from $1.48 within a single day which also increase the price of import.

As per the information provided by Benjamin Mueller, 2020, Brexit brining up several impact over UK as Europe was Britain's most important export market and its biggest source of Foreign direct investment and the membership in this bloc has supported London in becoming a global financial centre. But after Brexit, majority of businesses announced that they are leaving from UK due to it or they are forced to do so. In this list of relocating business, Airbus is also one among them which employs around 14000 people and support more than 100000 other jobs. The working people who are considering the immigration as a threat for their job, think it as a triumph. But it end up by cutting down both the ways as the prospect was dispiriting the youngest of UK who was dreaming for abroad study. 

Challenges faced by UK tourism due to Brexit

As per the thoughts of Simon Calder, 2016, The UK tourism holds up one-eleventh part of GDP which provide more then 3 million jobs. Hence the influence of Brexit over the domestic tourism is much more considerably important to put attention. More than 63 percent of inbound holidaymaker to Britain belongs to European Union. Hence the number of visitors that comes to UK get affected by leaving the vote in referendum. In present time more than quarter tourist arrived through inbound that are VFR visiting friends and relations. They pay less than organic tourist visit but still it leave behind around £5bn a year payment in term of travel within UK, accommodation facilities, foods, drinks etc.

The major challenge that UK tourism industry faced due to Brexit is that majority of people working within the tourism industry belongs to EU and after Brexit to leave to their country which results into decline of talented and skilled employees in industry that affect its quality of performance. Additionally the people from overseas working in UK sustain a significant number of flights to and from Britain and these come to an end then the Tourist industry profit will likely to fallen down.

On other side, according to Cowie, P., Mulvey, G., Peck, F. and Shaw, K., 2018, with the current Brexit issue against travel and tourism industry it has been found that there are number of challenges that this industry has faced which includes,

Travel delays and difficulties :- The main noticeable effect from Brexit is rise in the cost of airfares. In EU there are number of restrictions which get imposed over airlines and outside of the EU restrictions are also imposed which increases the difficulties that British tourist found to visit EU countries. On the other side the difficulties at border also get increased with the increase in delays. This is so because with the lack of free movement within EU it require greater processing time from the travel authorities.

Increasing cost :- The another major difficulty is from increasing cost of medical and insurance access. As previously being an EU member, tourists are able to have free access over health related services using European Health Insurance card. But after Brexit it is not possible and travellers either have to buy additional insurance for journey or risk incurred. This results into additional cost of medical emergency that may arise in front of the tourists if they experience any kind of risk or health service need.

These both are the major issue that can be seen in travel and tourism industry of UK which is affecting it badly. But other than this another challenges that UK travel industry facing is that it have less employees to be recruit for travel and tourism industry that are highly highly skilled. The cost of recruitment and retaining of employees belongs to EU countries are relatively higher. Hence this shortages of skills and capabilities within the industry is affecting its overall performance and growth which is a major challenges that get arises after Brexit.

Several changes that get anticipated within UK tourism industry after Brexit

According to the view point of McKee, D. and McKee, M., 2018 the event of Brexit brings up huge influence over the travel and tourism industry of UK by changing up the relationship between UK and EU that has shuffle up the previous practices through which the travel business mainly performed in country. The Brexit has leads to falling of pound rate sharply and this weaker sterling has bought larger herds regarding the business travellers. Despite of the corporate travel slowdown, travellers have to face longer lines and crowd over airports or big tourists destinations like London which was around 90 second. While the weaker pound doesn't contribute much to the business travel, it will be really beneficial for UK tourism with 21% more tourist visitors that are going for their vacations. Addition to this, one recent decision has been made by British Government that not to require visitors from EU country for applying Visa. The likely factor into the determination is the fact that UK already grant visa-free travel to around 56 countries. Due to Brexit the rates of air travel is increasing, as the largest organisation i.e. Airbus has shifted its operations from UK after Brexit. As a result of which country has less resources to manage its operations which in turn has increases the cost of air travel. Other than this, hotel rates are also getting higher due to Brexit as the inflation rate get increased which in turn directly influence the flow of tourism practices within the country.

Addition to this the prior to Brexit the students from EU countries are free to live and work within UK but now they have to firstly take permission from government then only they would be able to live. This has created a dilemma among the European workers and they started leaving the Britain as they started seeing that their pay in pound doesn't stretch as far as it is used and the people who are planning to visit UK remain confused about the uncertain status

of country after Brexit.

On the other hand as per view point of Pappas, N., 2019, Brexit make it more difficult for the travel and tourism industry is employ citizens from EU member state. In case when the agreement which the UK have with EU after Brexit did not involve the free movement of persons and then the workers from EU state would be subjected to immigration law. In the light of these restrictions the employment process would be slower and remain more expensive for the players working within the travel and tourism industry. In addition to this the conditions of travel and tourism practices will also get changed in some areas. This includes consumer rights related with package holiday, access to emergency related with medical care for travellers which is based on European Health Insurance card, rights of air passengers in case of delays or cancellation of flights, caps on roaming fees etc.

Different actions that must be taken by UK tourism industry for overcoming impact of Brexit

According to the view point of Phil Davies, 2019, travel and tourism can proves to be a major UK growth sector after Brexit. It grew by just 1% last year to represent £234 billion, which is just below the world average growth rate i.e. 3.9 %. But still the UK remains at fifth position in term of tourism economy throughout the world by its economic contribution behind China, Germany, Japan and US. The growth of travel sector is being suggested by several experts through their investigation. Additionally it has been estimated that after Brexit, UK has provided several job opportunities to people in travel and tourism sector by contributing with around 4.2 million jobs in UK. In addition to this the government of UK is also seeking for joint agenda with other countries or overseas market in order to attain the growth of travel industry of country. The majority of tourism Ireland mainly get from Britain but after Brexit country is being quite worried about its tourism practices. In order to deal with this, around 4 million campaigns are being rolled out in Britain in order to highlight the island of Ireland to prospective visitors in order to maintain strong growth. 

As per the information presented by Hadfield, A. and Hammond, M., 2016, UK travel and tourism industry plays a crucial role in economy of country by contributing around 9% of total economy activity. By keeping it in mind it is crucial for industry to continuously remain prosper post-Brexit and holiday maker. The UK is providing more benefit to the travellers by providing visa free travel and access top free or reducing the cost of healthcare access in order to attract more and more tourists. Despite of all this it is also working toward safeguarding the transport link which includes air routes and protecting the consumer rights. Several policies are also being planned to formulated in order to change the regulations or reducing the taxation where it is possible in order to remove the restrictions that get arises out of Brexit so that their remains a free flow of tourism practices. There are mainly five major factors over which government of UK is focusing such as maintain the ability to travel freely within Europe and beyond, keeping visa-free travel between EU and UK, protecting consumer rights, seize opportunity for growth and giving UK business operational stability.

ELEMENT 2

The travel and tourism sector of UK ranked as 4^th largest industry in world, but due to Brexit it face numerous of issues which also affected its performance as well as quality of services. Therefore, it become crucial to maintain the quality of services for gaining back the economic position of country with the flow of tourism practices. But it can be said that the UK travel and tourism industry can get benefit with the decision of country to leave European Union (Mohamed, Pärn and Edwards, 2017). This is so because the weak Pounds can make the UK a more stronger and cost effective destination for both the international as well as domestic holidaymaker. This is so because as the Pound rate has drop down in the market then the managers of travel and tourism organisation can promote their services in order to attract international tourist to visit UK for their satisfying their leisure need. This help in ensuring the free flow of foreign fund to the country and it further help in improving the travel and tourism industry performance and at the same time brings in growth of the economy. This is so because there are number of benefits that tourists can avail which their travelling to UK which help in attracting them. It includes hotel and accommodation rates fell down by -4%, -3% among the leisure and cultural activities and travel and tourism sector experience a drop in -4%. These can be used as a factors to attract tourist from several different countries (UK travel and tourism industry will benefit from Brexit, 2016).

On the other side, with the decrease in rate of pound the international travel for citizens of UK has become more expensive that has restricted the growth of the travel and tourism sector from its domestic people (Watson and et. al., 2018). But in order to maintain the smooth functioning of this sector the managers can organise marketing campaign for promoting the domestic tourism destination so that the industry can grow continuously by getting both domestic as well as international tourism flow in the country. Meanwhile the fluctuation in currency has also made the travel to UK from US and Europe much more affordable which support the incoming tourist to get more bang for their buck. Hence it can be said that weakening of pound within the country become beneficial for the travel and tourism sector as it help in “making holiday within UK more appealing”. As the low Pound Sterling help in promoting UK tourism as duty free prices which make it more attractive for the visitors who come from several different part of the world but on the other side it made up a reverse effect over the British people that want to travel abroad as they have to spend more (Dogru and Bulut, 2018).

Tourism is one of the major success story within UK which work toward growing employment throughout the country by supporting education, investments and trade which shows UK as open and welcoming opportunities (Cowie and et,. al., 2018). For this, an immigrant regulation has been formulated across all the industries which allows the highly skilled workers can be recruited from outside the EU and workers of all skills from within EU. Additionally, it also involve a transitional measures where all the workers that don't belong to UK have to be work over a 12 month visa and that can't be reapply in order to avoid permanent employment (UK tourism industry set to struggle under post-Brexit immigration plans, 2019). This can be utilised by travel and tourism operators of UK as they can attract the talent from several different countries in order to ensure that innovation can be brining in services offered to tourist. Despite of this, it also provide an opportunity to formulate strategies of attracting tourism from different countries from which the employees are being recruited. This in turn contribute toward improving the tourism practices within the country as reduction in pound has become an attracting factor for the tourists to fulfil their desire of travelling in UK at lower price then earlier (Kriesberg and Gerard, 2018). So, this is an opportunity in front of the UK tourism sector so in case when it managed properly by spreading more and more messages to the tourist regarding the offerings of UK travel and tourism sector then it would act as a booster for the growth and success of industry and country's economy at great extend.

Despite all this, in order to improve the position of the travel and tourism industry, managers must focus on enhancing the services offered to travelers and aim to keep prices lower. For students seeking assignment help, understanding this approach is crucial. Additionally, the industry should focus on improving its promotional practices to attract more people. Using a thesis statement generator can help outline these strategies effectively. This will support an increased flow of tourism within the industry and boost its growth rate, which, in turn, will contribute to enhancing the economic position of the country (Gartzou-Katsouyanni and et. al., 2018). The continuous flow of tourism ensures the influx of foreign currency, which significantly contributes to improving infrastructure and other critical factors that remain vital for the economic condition of the UK.

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